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Updated Feb 1, 2025
abase /ə-bās′/. transitive verb
To lower in rank, prestige, or esteem. synonym: debase.
Similar: debase
To lower or depress; to throw or cast down.
"to abase the eye"
To cast down or reduce low or lower, as in rank, office, condition in life, or estimation of worthiness; to depress; to humble; to degrade.
Similar: depress humble degrade
Abba
Aramaic word for “father” used by Jesus and Pal to speak of an intimate relationship with God. . . . it was not a childish expression comparable to ‘Daddy’: it was a solemn, responsible, adult address to a father.
See: Mark 14:36
abhor /ăb-hôr′/ transitive verb
To regard with horror or loathing; detest.
To shrink back with shuddering from; to regard with horror or detestation; to feel excessive repugnance toward; to detest to extremity; to loathe.
Similar: abhorred
To fill with horror or disgust.
abide /ə-bīd′/. intransitive verb
To put up with; tolerate: synonym: endure.
"can't abide such incompetence."
Similar: endure
To wait patiently for.
To remain in a place.
abomination /ə-bŏm″ə-nā′shən/. noun
Abhorrence; disgust.
A cause of abhorrence or disgust.
The feeling of extreme disgust and hatred; abhorrence; detestation; loathing.
"he holds tobacco in abomination"
acrimonious /ăk″rə-mō′nē-əs/. adjective
Bitter and sharp in language or tone; rancorous.
"an acrimonious debate between the two candidates."
Acrid; corrosive.
"acrimonious gall"
Similar: acrid corrosive
Caustic; bitter-tempered' sarcastic.
"acrimonious dispute, language, temper"
Similar: caustic
adjure /ə-joo͝r′/ transitive verb
To command or enjoin solemnly, as under oath.
To appeal to or entreat earnestly.
To charge, bind, or command, solemnly, as if under oath, or under the penalty of a curse; to appeal to in the most solemn or impressive manner; to entreat earnestly.
adultery /ə-dŭl′tə-rē, -trē/. noun
Consensual sexual intercourse between a married person and a person other than the spouse.
The unfaithfulness of a married person to the marriage bed; sexual intercourse by a married man with another than his wife, or voluntary sexual intercourse by a married woman with another than her husband.
Adulteration; corruption.
Similar: adulteration corruption
afflicted / verb
Simple past tense and past participle of afflict.
adjective
Grievously affected especially by disease.
Mentally or physically unfit.
allegorical /ăl″ĭ-gôr′ĭ-kəl, -gŏr′-/. adjective
Of, characteristic of, or containing allegory.
"an allegorical painting of Victory leading an army."
Of, relating to, or containing allegory.
Used in or characteristic of or containing allegory.
"an allegorical painting of Victory leading an army"
Allegory
As a literary device or artistic form, an allegory is a narrative or visual representation in which a character, place, or event can be interpreted to represent a meaning with moral or political significance. Authors have used allegory throughout history in all forms of art to illustrate or convey complex ideas and concepts in ways that are comprehensible or striking to its viewers, readers, or listeners.
amanuensis /ə-măn″yoo͞-ĕn′sĭs/. noun
One who is employed to take dictation or to copy manuscript.
A person whose employment is to write what another dictates, or to copy what another has written.
One employed to take dictation, or copy manuscripts.
anathema /ə-năth′ə-mə/. noun
A formal ecclesiastical ban, curse, or excommunication.
A vehement denunciation; a curse.
One that is cursed or damned.
apostasy /ə-pŏs′tə-sē/. noun
Abandonment of one's religious faith, a political party, one's principles, or a cause.
An abandonment of what one has voluntarily professed; a total desertion of departure from one's faith, principles, or party; esp., the renunciation of a religious faith.
"Julian's apostasy from Christianity"
The renunciation of a belief or set of beliefs.
Apostle
An apostle was an official representative charged with a commission.
Jesus chose twelve men from among his followers to be his apostles.
An apostle of Jesus Christ is a messenger sent to spread the gospel of salvation.
The apostles of Jesus Christ were sometimes referred to as "The Twelve."
12 Apostles chosen / Luke 6:14-16
Peter (formerly Simon but Jesus named him Peter)
Andrew (brother of Simon)
James and John
Phillip and Bartholomew
Matthew and Thomas
James (son of Alphaeus)
Simon (called Zelotes)
Judas Thaddeus (the brother of James)
Judas Iscariot (also the traitor)
Paul was not one of the Twelve Apostles and did not know Jesus during his lifetime. (see Acts). Paul also named Saul of Tarsus, commonly known as Paul the Apostle and Saint Paul, he was a Jewish man that became a Christian apostle. He spread the teachings of Jesus in the first-century. Paul was an Apostle because he had seen the risen Christ.
Twelve men responded to the call to be disciples of Jesus. They were Jews, uneducated commoners, and simple men of faith who gave up everything to be followers of Christ. Jesus spent three years training these men to be leaders. Jesus planned to eventually have the disciples take over and carry on the work He had started.
What we know to be true about Jesus is that He chose ordinary and unrefined men to be his apostles. They were the commonest of the common. They were from rural areas, farmers, and fishermen. Christ purposely passed over the elite, aristocratic, and influential men of society and chose mostly the men from the dregs of society. That’s how it has always been in God’s economy. He exalts the humble and lays low on those who are proud.
apostolic /ăp″ə-stŏl′ĭk/ adjective
Of or relating to an apostle.
Of, relating to, or contemporary with the 12 Apostles.
Of, relating to, or derived from the teaching or practice of the 12 Apostles.
aright /ə-rīt′/. adverb
In a proper manner; correctly.
Rightly; correctly; in a right way or form; without mistake or crime.
"to worship God aright"
Similar: rightly correctly
Rightly, correctly; in the right way or form.
Armageddon
According to the Book of Revelation in the New Testament of the Christian Bible, Armageddon is the prophesied location of a gathering of armies for a battle during the end times.
asunder /ə-sŭn′dər/. adverb
Into separate parts or pieces.
"broken asunder."
Apart from each other either in position or in direction.
"The curtains had been drawn asunder."
Apart; separate from each other; into parts; in two; separately; into or in different pieces or places.
Similar: apart separately
atonement /ə-tōn′mənt/ noun
Amends or reparation made for an injury or wrong; expiation.
An individual's reconciliation with God by means of repentance and confession of one's transgressions.
The reconciliation of God and humans brought about by the redemptive life and death of Jesus.
Baalism
Baal was a fertility god who was believed to enable the earth to produce crops and people to produce children.
Different regions worshipped Baal in different ways and special “denominations of Baalism” were formed.
Baal was a honorific title meaning “owner” or “Lord”, spoken during the ‘Levant” during antiquity.
Beelzebub
The name Beelzebub is associated with the Canaanite god Baal. He was the chief of the devils (Luke 11:15).
bewail /bĭ-wāl′/ transitive verb
To cry over; lament.
"bewail the dead."
To express sorrow or unhappiness over.
To express deep sorrow for, as by wailing; to lament; to wail over.
bewrayeth / verb
betray, reveal, to disclose
betimes /bĭ-tīmz′/ adverb
In good time; early.
Once in a while; on occasion.
Quickly; soon.
brimstone /brĭm′stōn″/ noun
Sulfur, especially considered as a component of the torments of hell in Christianity.
Damnation to hell.
Vehement or condemnatory rhetoric, especially rhetoric warning of the torments of hell for immoral behavior.
"a sermon full of fire and brimstone."
ca.
It means circa, which means around in the sense of more or less or approximately.
Example: from creation to Joseph’s death (ca. 1805 B.C.)
canon, biblical canon
A set of texts which a particular religious community regards as part of the Bible. God decided what books belonged in the canon from the moment God inspired its writing.
canonical /kə-nŏn′ĭ-kəl/ adjective
Of, relating to, or required by canon law.
Of or appearing in the biblical canon.
Conforming to orthodox or well-established rules or patterns, as of procedure.
The adjective canonical is applied in many contexts to mean 'according to the canon' – the standard, rule or primary source that is accepted as authoritative for the body of knowledge or literature in that context.
Capernaum
For much of his adult life, after he was driven from Nazareth by the religious officials (Luke 4:16, 28-30) the home of Jesus was in Capernaum, a small fishing village on the Sea of Galilee. It was here during the infancy of early Christianity that he began his ministry in the town synagogue (Mark 1:21), recruited his first disciples (Mark 1:16-20). Capernaum is where Jesus called Peter and Andrew to follow Him (Matthew 4:18-20).
centurion /sĕn-too͝r′ē-ən, -tyoo͝r′-/. noun
The commander of a century in the Roman army.
A military officer who commanded a minor division of the Roman army; a captain of a century.
An officer of the ancient Roman army, in command of a century of soldiers.
In the Roman army during classical antiquity, a centurion, was a commander, nominally of a century, a military unit originally consisting of 100 legionaries. The size of the century changed over time; from the 1st century BC through most of the imperial era it was reduced to 80 men.
charlatan /shär′lə-tən/. noun
A person who makes elaborate, fraudulent, and often voluble claims to skill or knowledge; a quack or fraud.
One who prates much in his own favor, and makes unwarrantable pretensions; a quack; an impostor; an empiric; a mountebank.
Similar: quack impostor empiric mountebank
A malicious trickster; a fake person, especially one who deceives for personal profit.
Christology
is a branch of theology that concerns Jesus. Different denominations have different opinions on questions such as whether Jesus was human, divine, or both, and as a messiah what his role would be in the freeing of the Jewish people from foreign rulers or in the prophesied Kingdom of God, and in the salvation from what would otherwise be the consequences of sin.
conceit /kən-sēt′/ noun
Unduly favorable estimation of one's own abilities or worth; overly positive self-regard.
Estimation or opinion of something, especially when favorable.
A witty expression or fanciful idea.
concordance /kən-kôr′dns/. noun
Agreement; concord.
An alphabetical index of all the words in a text or corpus of texts, showing every contextual occurrence of a word.
"a concordance of Shakespeare's works."
The presence of a given trait in both members of a pair of twins.
concubine /kŏng′kyə-bīn″, kŏn′-/ noun
A woman who cohabits with a man without being legally married to him.
In certain societies, such as imperial China, a woman contracted to a man as a secondary wife, often having few legal rights and low social status.
A woman who cohabits with a man without being his wife; a paramour.
Similar: paramour
conflate /kən-flāt′/. transitive verb
To bring together; meld or fuse.
To combine (two variant texts, for example) into one whole.
To blow together; to bring together; to collect; to fuse together; to join or weld; to consolidate.
Similar: conflated
Conflation is the merging of two or more sets of information, texts, ideas, or opinions into one, often in error. Conflation is defined as 'fusing blending', but is often used colloquially as 'being equal to' - treating two similar but disparate concepts as the same.
consummation /kŏn″sə-mā′shən/. noun
The act of consummating; a fulfillment.
An ultimate goal or end.
The act of consummating, or the state of being consummated; completion; perfection; termination; end (as of the world or of life).
Similar: completion perfection termination
Coptic
Coptic refers to the ancient Christian Church of Egypt and its members, known as Copts, who are descendants of the indigenous people of Egypt. It also pertains to the Coptic language, which is the final stage of the ancient Egyptian language, written using the Greek alphabet.
countenance /koun′tə-nəns/ noun
Appearance, especially the expression of the face.
"The question left him with a puzzled countenance."
The face or facial features.
A look or expression indicative of encouragement or of moral support.
covenant
When the Bible mentions a covenant, it's referring to a strong, solemn agreement between two parties. However, biblical covenants are very different from the kinds of agreements we make nowadays: Covenants make two into one. When two parties make a covenant in the Bible, they are joined together.
creed /krēd/. noun
A formal statement of religious belief; a confession of faith.
A system of belief, principles, or opinions.
"laws banning discrimination on the basis of race or creed; an architectural creed that demanded simple lines."
A definite summary of what is believed; esp., a summary of the articles of Christian faith; a confession of faith for public use; esp., one which is brief and comprehensive.
DEAN BURGON: Father of the KJV-only movement
The beginning of the King James-only movement can be traced to the publication of the Revised Version NT in 1881. The KJV had been the standard English version of the Bible for over 200 years, when the Church of England decided that a revision was needed. The committee of scholars who produced the revision was given a number of guiding principles, the first of which was, “To introduce as few alterations as possible into the text of the Authorized Version consistently with faithfulness.”
Generally, the revision committee followed the style of the KJV while updating the more archaic English. But they were quite bold in their departure from the Greek text behind the KJV, the Textus Receptus (TR). Here they generally followed the Greek NT being prepared by two members of the revision committee, B. F. Westcott and F. J. A. Hort, whose own Greek NT was simultaneously published in 1881. While the TR had its origins in the Latin-Greek NT prepared by Erasmus in 1516 that was based on a few late medieval manuscripts (seven, in the case of Erasmus), the critical (or eclectic) text of Westcott and Hort was based on the earliest manuscript evidence available in the late 19th century.
Dean Burgon Society.org
Welcome to DeanBurgonSociety.org, the official website of the Dean Burgon Society, a fellowship of believers committed to defending the preserved Words of God. Founded on the principles of Biblical inerrancy and textual fidelity, our mission is to uphold the truths of Scripture as they have been handed down through the ages.
Our society was established by a group of scholars, pastors, and laypeople who share a profound respect for the Holy Bible. We stand in the tradition of Dean John William Burgon, a 19th-century Anglican clergyman and scholar, whose works emphasized the importance of preserving the accuracy and integrity of the Scriptures.
At DeanBurgonSociety.org, you will find a wealth of resources designed to support and equip pastors, missionaries, students, and all who seek to deepen their understanding of the Bible. From scholarly publications and research papers to practical guides for Christian living, our content is rooted in a commitment to truth and faithfulness to God’s Word.
We invite you to explore our site, engage with our content, and join us in our mission to defend the Scriptures. Whether you are a seasoned theologian or a curious seeker, we are here to provide you with the tools and insights you need to grow in your faith and understanding.
decease /dĭ-sēs′/. intransitive verb
To die.
To depart from this life; to die; to pass away.
Similar: deceased
Disciple
A disciple is a learner or a student who follows Jesus Christ and His teaching. Learn how to be a disciple from the biblical perspective and the example of Jesus and His disciples.
Divers diseases (Matt. 4:24) / outdated usage
Think of it as “diverse” or lots of varying kinds of diseases
Domitian
Emperor of ancient Rome (51-96)
Domitian was Roman emperor from 81 to 96. The son of Vespasian and the younger brother of Titus, his two predecessors on the throne, he was the last member of the Flavian dynasty. Described as "a ruthless but efficient autocrat", his authoritarian style of ruling put him at sharp odds with the Senate, whose powers he drastically curtailed. Domitian had a minor and largely ceremonial role during the reigns of his father and brother.
Doubting Thomas (also known as Didymus, one of the Twelve) John 20:24-31
After His resurrection, Christ appears to ten of the disciples and gives them the gift of the Holy Spirit with the authority to forgive sins (John 20:19-23).When told by the other disciples, "we have seen the Lord," Thomas doubts this is true until he sees Jesus and His wounds. Thomas feels the nail holes in Jesus hands and puts his hand into the side of Jesus where he was cut open.
dross /drŏs, drôs/. noun
Waste or impure matter.
"discarded the dross after recycling the wood pulp."
The scum that forms on the surface of molten metal as a result of oxidation.
Worthless, commonplace, or trivial matter.
ecclesiastical /ĭ-klē″zē-ăs′tĭ-kəl/. adjective
Of or relating to a church, especially as an organized institution.
Appropriate to a church or to use in a church.
"ecclesiastical architecture; ecclesiastical robes."
Of or pertaining to the church; relating to the organization or government of the church; not secular.
"ecclesiastical affairs or history; ecclesiastical courts."
durst /dûrst/. imperative
Of dare. See dare, v. i.
verb
Simple past of dare.
ecumenical /ĕk″yə-mĕn′ĭ-kəl/ adjective
Of worldwide scope or applicability; universal.
Of or relating to the worldwide Christian church.
Concerned with establishing or promoting unity among churches or religions.
edification /ĕd″ə-fĭ-kā′shən/. noun
Intellectual, moral, or spiritual improvement; enlightenment.
The act of edifying, or the state of being edified; a building up, especially in a moral or spiritual sense; moral, intellectual, or spiritual improvement; instruction.
Similar: instruction
A building or edifice.
enmity /ĕn′mĭ-tē/. noun
Deep-seated, often mutual hatred.
A feeling or state of hatred or animosity.
The quality of being an enemy; hostile or unfriendly disposition.
entreat /ĕn-trēt′/. intransitive verb
To make an earnest request of (someone). synonym: beg.
Similar: beg
To ask for earnestly; petition for.
To deal with; treat.
Episcopal Bible: The Episcopal Church authorizes several translations for use in worship, including the King James Version, the New Revised Standard Version, and others. The most recent update includes translations like the Contemporary English Version and the New Revised Standard Version.
See: The Episcopal Church from episcopalchurch.org and What Bible do Anglicans use?
Epistles are letters of instruction and encouragement written by apostles to the early church.
erudition /ĕr″yə-dĭsh′ən, ĕr″ə-/. noun
Deep, extensive learning. synonym: knowledge.
The act of instructing; the result of thorough instruction; the state of being erudite or learned; the acquisitions gained by extensive reading or study; particularly, learning in literature or criticism, as distinct from the sciences; scholarship.
Similar: scholarship, Profound knowledge, especially that based on learning and scholarship.
evil /ē′vəl/ adjective
Morally bad or wrong; wicked.
"an evil tyrant."
Causing ruin, injury, or pain; harmful.
"the evil effects of a poor diet."
Characterized by or indicating future misfortune; ominous.
"evil omens."
execration /ĕk″sĭ-krā′shən/. noun
The act of cursing.
A curse.
Something that is cursed or loathed.
exhort /ĭg-zôrt′/ intransitive verb
To urge by strong argument, admonition, advice, or appeal.
"exhorted the Christians to keep the faith.”
To make an urgent appeal.
To deliver exhortation; to use words or arguments to incite to good deeds.
exigency /ĕk′sə-jən-sē, ĭg-zĭj′ən-/. noun
A pressing or urgent situation.
An urgent requirement; a pressing need.
The state of being exigent; urgent or exacting want; pressing necessity or distress; need; a case demanding immediate action, supply, or remedy.
"an unforeseen exigency"
Similar: need
exegesis /ĕk″sə-jē′sĭs/ noun
Critical explanation or analysis, especially of a text. Textual Criticism investigates the history and origins of the text but exegesis may include the study of the historical and cultural backgrounds.
Exposition; explanation; especially, a critical explanation of a text or portion of Scripture.
Similar: exposition explanation
The process of finding the roots of an equation.
extant /ĕk′stənt, ĕk-stănt′/. adjective
Still in existence; not destroyed, lost, or extinct.
"extant manuscripts."
Standing out; projecting.
Standing out or above any surface; protruded.
Similar: protruded
fellowship /fĕl′ō-shĭp″/ noun
The companionship of individuals in a congenial atmosphere and on equal terms.
"a voracious reader who found fellowship in a church”
Friendship; comradeship.
"A strong fellowship developed among them."
A close association of friends or equals sharing similar interests.
"a fellowship of Christians.”
Fellowship can mean a group of people or an organization with the same purpose, a friendly feeling between people.
firkin /fûr′kĭn/. noun
A small wooden barrel or covered vessel.
Any of several British units of capacity, usually equal to about 1/4 of a barrel or 9 gallons (34 liters).
A varying measure of capacity, usually being the fourth part of a barrel; specifically, a measure equal to nine imperial gallons.
firmament [ fur-muh-muhnt ] noun
the vault of heaven; sky.
forebear /fôr′bâr″/. noun
A person from whom one is descended; an ancestor. synonym: ancestor.
Similar: ancestor
An ancestor. See forbear.
An ancestor.
Free grace theology is a Christian soteriological view which holds that the only condition of salvation is faith in Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior who died for our sins.
Freemasonry, Freemason
Freemasonry, the teachings and practices of the fraternal (men-only) order of Free and Accepted Masons, the largest worldwide secret society—an oath-bound society, often devoted to fellowship, moral discipline, and mutual assistance, that conceals at least some of its rituals, customs, or activities from the public (secret societies do not necessarily conceal their membership or existence). Spread by the advance of the British Empire, Freemasonry remains most popular in the British Isles and in other countries originally within the empire. Estimates of the worldwide membership of Freemasonry in the early 21st century ranged from about two million to more than six million.
Freemasonry has always been religious in character, though it subscribes to no particular orthodoxy. To become a Freemason, the applicant has to be an adult male and must believe in the existence of a supreme being and in the immortality of the soul. The teachings of Freemasonry enjoin morality, charity, and obedience to the law of the land. It is not, however, a Christian institution, though it is often taken to be such. In fact, Freemasonry has received considerable opposition from organized religion, the Roman Catholic Church in particular. In practice, some lodges have been accused of religious prejudices, specifically against Jews and Catholics. They have also been accused of anticlericalism in Latin American countries. In Anglo-American countries the membership consists of mostly white Protestants; some lodges have been accused of prejudice against nonwhites.
froward, frō′wərd, -ərd/. adjective
Stubbornly contrary and disobedient; obstinate.
furlong /fûr′lông″, -lŏng″/ noun
A unit for measuring distance, equal to 1/8 mile (201 meters).
A measure of length; the eighth part of a mile; forty rods; two hundred and twenty yards.
A unit of length equal to 220 yards or exactly 201.168 meters, now only used in measuring distances in horse-racing.
gentile /jĕn′tīl″/ noun
A person who is not Jewish.
A pagan or heathen.
A non-Mormon.
Germanic peoples
The Germanic peoples were tribal groups who lived in Northern Europe in Classical Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. In modern scholarship, they typically include not only the Roman-era Germani who lived in both Germania and parts of the Roman empire, but also all Germanic speaking peoples from this era, irrespective of where they lived, most notably the Goths.
gird /gûrd/
intransitive & transitive verb
To jeer or jeer at.
noun
A sarcastic remark.
intransitive verb
To encircle (a person or the part of the body) with a belt or band.
girt /gûrt/ intransitive verb
To gird.
To secure with a girth.
To measure the girth of.
girth /gûrth/. noun
The distance around something; the circumference.
Size; bulk.
"a person of large girth."
A strap encircling an animal's body in order to secure a load or saddle on its back; a cinch.
glorious /glôr′ē-əs/ adjective
Having or deserving glory; famous.
Conferring or advancing glory.
"a glorious achievement."
Characterized by great beauty and splendor; magnificent.
"a glorious sunset."
Gospel
Gospel originally meant the Christian message, but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was reported. In this sense a gospel can be defined as a loose-knit, episodic narrative of the words and deeds of Jesus, culminating in his trial and death and concluding with various reports of his post-resurrection appearances.
Grace
Grace is God’s free unmerited favor and love.
Grace and Faith. People receive God's free gift of salvation by faith which is the only requirement for salvation, "The one who believes has eternal life" (John 6:47; 5:24).
guile /gīl/. noun
Treacherous cunning; skillful deceit.
A trick or stratagem.
Craft; deceitful cunning; artifice; duplicity; wile; deceit; treachery.
hallowed /hăl′ōd/. adjective
Sanctified; consecrated.
"a hallowed cemetery."
Highly venerated; sacrosanct.
"our hallowed war heroes."
Belonging to or derived from or associated with a divine power; made holy. Opposite of unholy.
Similar: holy
haughty /hô′tē/ adjective
Scornfully and condescendingly proud. synonym: arrogant.
Similar: arrogant
High; lofty; bold.
Similar: high lofty bold
Disdainfully or contemptuously proud; arrogant; overbearing.
Similar: arrogant overbearing
heathen /hē′ᴛʜən/ noun
An adherent of a religion that does not worship the God of Judaism, Christianity, or Islam.
Such persons considered as a group.
An adherent of a Neopagan religion that seeks to revive the religious beliefs and practices of the ancient Germanic peoples.
hence /hĕns/. adverb
For this reason; therefore.
"handmade and hence expensive."
From this source.
"They grew up in the Sudan; hence their interest in Nubian art."
From this time; from now.
"A year hence it will be forgotten."
From this place or away, “get thee hence”
Heresy, heretic, heretical
Any belier or theory that is strongly at variance with the established beliefs or customs, particularly the accepted beliefs or religious law of a religious organization. A heretic is a proponent of heresy.
Heresy in Christianity, Judaism, and Islam has at times been met with censure ranging from excommunication to the death penalty.
hermeneutically / adverb
According to the principles of interpretation.
"a verse of Scripture was examined hermeneutically"
In a hermeneutical way.
Hermeneutics is the theory and methodology of interpretation, especially the interpretation of biblical texts, wisdom literature, and philosophical texts.
Herod the Great
King of Judea from 37/6 BCE to 4/1 BCE
Herod I or Herod the Great was a Roman Jewish client king of the Herodian Kingdom of Judea. He is known for his colossal building projects throughout Judea. Among these works are the rebuilding of the Second Temple in Jerusalem and the expansion of its base—the Western Wall being part of it. Vital details of his life are recorded in the works of the 1st century CE Roman–Jewish historian Josephus
Herodians
The Herodians were a sect of Hellenistic Jews mentioned in the New Testament on two occasions – first in Galilee, and later in Jerusalem – being hostile to Jesus. In each of these cases their name is coupled with that of the Pharisees.
Hellenistic period
Period of Mediterranean history from 323 to 31 BC
In classical antiquity, the Hellenistic period covers the time in Greek history after Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the death of Cleopatra VII in 30 BC, which was followed by the ascendancy of the Roman Empire, as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the Roman conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year, which eliminated the last major Hellenistic kingdom.The term "Hellenistic" is to be distinguished from "Hellenic" in that the latter refers to Greece itself, while the former encompasses all the ancient territories of the period that had come under significant Greek influence, particularly the Hellenized Middle East, after the conquests of Alexander the Great.
hoary /hôr′ē/ adjective
Gray or white with or as if with age.
Covered with grayish hair or pubescence.
"hoary leaves."
So old as to inspire veneration; ancient.
holpen / verb
Past participle of help, “helped”
Hosanna
Hosanna is a liturgical word in Judaism and Christianity. In Judaism it refers to a cry expressing an appeal for divine help. In Christianity it is used as a cry of praise.
husbandman /hŭz′bənd-mən/ noun
One whose occupation is husbandry; a farmer.
The master of a family.
A farmer; a cultivator or tiller of the ground.
Similar: farmer
Hypostasis (plural: hypostases), from the Greek ὑπόστασις (hypóstasis), is the underlying, fundamental state or substance that supports all of reality. It is not the same as the concept of a substance. In Neoplatonism, the hypostasis of the soul, the intellect (nous) and "the one" was addressed by Plotinus. In Christian theology, the Holy Trinity consists of three hypostases: that of the Father, that of the Son, and that of the Holy Spirit
ignominious /ĭg″nə-mĭn′ē-əs/. adjective
Characterized by or deserving shame or disgrace.
Degrading; debasing.
Marked with ignominy; incurring public disgrace; dishonorable; shameful.
Similar: dishonorable shameful
ignominy /ĭg′nə-mĭn″ē, -mə-nē/ noun
Great personal dishonor or humiliation.
"a military adventure that ended in ignominy."
An instance or source of this.
"had suffered many ignominies because of his insensitivity."
Public disgrace or dishonor; reproach; infamy.
Similar: reproach, infamy
impute /ĭm-pyoo͞t′/. transitive verb
To relate (something, usually something bad) to a particular cause or source; place the fault or responsibility for: synonym: attribute.
"imputed the rocket failure to a faulty gasket; kindly imputed my clumsiness to inexperience."
Similar: attribute
To assign as a characteristic; credit.
"the gracefulness so often imputed to cats."
To charge; to ascribe; to attribute; to set to the account of; to charge to one as the author, responsible originator, or possessor; -- generally in a bad sense.
Similar: charge ascribe attribute
imputation /ĭm″pyoo͝-tā′shən/ noun
The act of imputing or ascribing; attribution.
Something imputed, ascribed, or attributed.
The act of imputing or charging; attribution; ascription.
inculcate /ĭn-kŭl′kāt″, ĭn′kŭl-/. transitive verb
Persistant instruction
To impress (something) upon the mind of another by frequent instruction or repetition; instill.
"inculcating sound principles."
To teach (others) by persistent instruction or repetition; indoctrinate.
"inculcate the young with a sense of duty."
To teach and impress by frequent repetitions or admonitions; to urge on the mind.
"Christ inculcates on his followers humility"
infirm /ĭn-fûrm′/. adjective
Weak in body or mind, especially from old age or disease. synonym: weak.
Similar: weak
Not strong or stable; shaky.
"an infirm foundation."
Lacking firmness of will, character, or purpose; irresolute.
infirmity /ĭn-fûr′mĭ-tē/. noun
The condition of being infirm, often as associated with old age; weakness or frailty.
"the infirmity brought on by the disease."
A bodily ailment or weakness.
"complained about his infirmities."
Weakness of resolution or character.
"the infirmity inherent in human nature."
It can also mean lacking firmness of will, character, or purpose: or not stable, sound or secure.
iniquity /ĭ-nĭk′wĭ-tē/ noun
Gross immorality or injustice; wickedness.
A grossly immoral act; a sin.
Absence of, or deviation from, just dealing; lack of rectitude or uprightness; gross injustice; unrighteousness; wickedness. See SIN
"the iniquity of bribery; the iniquity of an unjust judge."
intermeddle /ĭn″tər-mĕd′l/ intransitive verb
To interfere in the affairs of others, often officiously; meddle.
To meddle with the affairs of others; to meddle officiously; to interpose or interfere improperly; to mix or meddle with.
transitive verb
To intermix; to mingle.
Similar: intermix mingle
intreat /ĭn-trēt′/. transitive verb
See entreat.
verb
Entreat.
JAMES
Jesus had two disciples named James: James the son of Zebedee and James the son of Alphaeus. Another James, the half-brother of Jesus, was never one of the twelve disciples but was a leader in the early church of Jerusalem (Acts 15:13) and wrote the epistle of James. One of the Twelve, James the son of Alphaeus, is called James the Less (or the Younger) in Mark 15:40, where we also learn that his mother’s name was Mary. Scripture does not record much more about James the son of Alphaeus, so we’ll focus on the other disciple, James the son of Zebedee.
Japheth, oldest son of Noah
Japheth is one of the three sons of Noah in the Book of Genesis, in which he plays a role in the story of Noah’s drunkenness and the curse of Ham and subsequently in the Table of Nations as the ancestor of the peoples of the Aegean Sea, Anatolia, Caucasus, and else where in Eurasia. In Medieval and early modern European tradition he was considered to be the progenitor of the European peoples.
Josiah, King of Judah
Josiah or Yoshiyahu was the 16th King of Judah. According to the Hebrew Bible, he instituted major religious reforms by removing official worship of gods other than Yahweh. Until the 1990s, the biblical description of Josiah's reforms were usually considered to be more or less accurate, but that is now heavily debated.
Judea
Region of ancient Israel
Judea or Judaea is a mountainous region of the Levant. Traditionally dominated by the city of Jerusalem, it is now part of Palestine and Israel. The name's usage is historic, having been used in antiquity and still into the present day; it originates from Yehudah, a Hebrew name. Yehudah was a son of Jacob, who was later given the name "Israel" and whose sons collectively headed the Twelve Tribes of Israel.
lacuna /lə-kyoo͞′nə/ noun
An empty space or a missing part; a gap.
A cavity, space, or depression, especially in a bone, containing cartilage or bone cells.
A small opening; a small pit or depression; a small blank space; a gap or vacancy; a hiatus.
Laodicean Church
The Laodicean Church was a Christian community established in the ancient city of Laodicea (on the river Lycus, in the Roman province of Asia, and one of the early centers of Christianity). The church was established in the Apostolic Age, the earliest period of Christianity, and is probably best known for being one of the Seven churches of Asia addressed by name in the Book of Revelation (Rev. 3.14–22).
The Laodicean Church in the Revelation of John (Revelation 3:14–22)
In John's vision, recorded in the Book of Revelation, Christ instructs John to write a message to the seven churches of Asia Minor. The message to Laodicea is one of judgment with a call to repentance. The oracle contains a number of metaphors.
"I wish that you were cold or hot" (Revelation 3:15–16)
"I know thy works, that thou art neither cold nor hot: I would thou wert cold or hot. So then because thou art lukewarm, and neither cold nor hot, I will spue thee out of my mouth." (KJV).
The traditional view has been that the Laodiceans were being criticized for their neutrality or lack of zeal (hence "lukewarm").
Law of Moses
Otherwise known as the Ten Commandments
Levant
- By the 3rd millennium BCE, the southern Levant was a land of small, fortified towns and villages, ruled over by petty kings and chiefs.
- The Levant is a term used to define the historical and geographical subregion that borders the Eastern Mediterranean Sea.
Levite
Levites are Jewish males who claim patrilineal descent from the Tribe of Levi. The Tribe of Levi descended from Levi, the third son of Jacob and Leah. Total percentage of Levites among Jews is about 4%.
Liturgy
Liturgy is the customary public ritual of worship performed by a religious group. Liturgy can also be used to refer specifically to public worship by Christians. As a religious phenomenon, liturgy represents a communal response to and participation in the sacred through activities reflecting praise, thanksgiving, remembrance, supplication, or repentance. It forms a basis for establishing a relationship with God
loathsome /lōᴛʜ′səm, lōth′-/ adjective
Causing loathing; abhorrent. synonym: offensive.
Similar: offensive
Fitted to cause loathing; exciting disgust; disgusting.
"a loathsome disease"
Similar: disgusting
Highly offensive; sickening, abominable.
longsuffering
The word longsuffering in the Bible is made up of two Greek words meaning "long" and "temper"; literally, "long-tempered." To be longsuffering, then, is to have self-restraint when one is stirred to anger.
loogie / noun
A loogie is a mass of saliva and phlegm, cleared from the throat and forcefully expectorated.
A thick quantity of sputum, usually containing phlegm.
Any thick, disgusting liquid.
Magi
Magi, or magus, is the term for priests in Zoroastrianism and earlier Iranian religions.
magnanimous /măg-năn′ə-məs/. adjective
Highly moral, especially in showing kindness or forgiveness, as in overlooking insults or not seeking revenge.
Great of mind; elevated in soul or in sentiment; raised above what is low, mean, or ungenerous; of lofty and courageous spirit.
"a magnanimous character; a magnanimous conqueror."
Dictated by or exhibiting nobleness of soul; honorable; noble; not selfish.
Similar: honorable noble
malevolent /mə-lĕv′ə-lənt/ adjective
Having or exhibiting ill will; wishing harm to others; malicious.
Having a harmful influence.
"malevolent stars."
Wishing evil; disposed to injure others; rejoicing in another's misfortune.
manifestly / adverb
In a manifest manner; obviously; evidently; clearly.
Similar: obviously evidently clearly
In a manifest manner; obviously.
Unmistakably (`plain' is often used informally for `plainly').
"he was manifestly too important to leave off the guest list"
Mark the Evangelist
Mark the Evangelist is traditionally identified with John Mark, the cousin of Barnabas and a companion of Peter. He is also credited with founding the Church of Alexandria and being martyred in 68 AD.
Mary Magdalene, Follower of Jesus
Mary Magdalene is considered to be a saint by the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Anglican, and Lutheran denominations. The portrayal of Mary Magdalene as a prostitute began in 591, when Pope Gregory I identified Mary Magdalene, who was introduced in Luke 8:2, with Mary of Bethany (Luke 10:39) and the unnamed "sinful woman" who anointed Jesus's feet in Luke 7:36–50.
Mary Magdalene was a woman who, according to the four canonical gospels, traveled with Jesus as one of his followers and was a witness to His crucifixion and resurrection. She is mentioned by name twelve times in the canonical gospels, more than most of the apostles and more than any other woman in the gospels, other than Jesus's family.
Mary, mother of Jesus, Joses (short form of Joseph), James, Simon, Judas, Mary and Salome.
“The other Mary”
The synoptic Gospels name Mary as the mother of Jesus. The gospels of Matthew and Luke describe Mary as a virgin who was chosen by God to conceive Jesus through the Holy Spirit. After giving birth to Jesus in Bethlehem, she raised him in the city of Nazareth in Galilee, and was in Jerusalem at his crucifixion and with the apostles after his ascension.
Messias, Messiah
A messiah or messias is a saviour or liberator of a group of people. The concepts of mashiach, messianism, and of a Messianic Age originated in Judaism, and in the Hebrew Bible, in which a mashiach is a king or High Priest traditionally anointed with holy anointing oil.
mete /mēt/. noun
A boundary line; a limit.
Measure; limit; boundary; -- used chiefly in the plural, and in the phrase metes and bounds.
Similar: measure limit boundary
Millennium
Millennium = 1,000 years
The millennium (also known as the millennial kingdom) is the 1,000-year reign of Jesus after the tribulation and before the Great White Throne Judgment of the wicked. During the millennium, Jesus will reign as king over Israel and all the nations of the world (Isaiah 2:4; 42:1).
mischief /mĭs′chĭf/ noun
Behavior that causes annoyance or difficulty:
"tried to keep the kids from engaging in any mischief."
Damage, destruction, or injury caused by a specific person or thing.
"the mischief done by a faulty gene."
A specific injury or harm done.
moral /môr′əl, mŏr′-/ adjective
Of or concerned with the judgment of right or wrong of human action and character.
Teaching or exhibiting goodness or correctness of character and behavior.
Conforming to standards of what is right or just in behavior; virtuous.
Morality
Morality is the categorization of intentions, decisions and actions into those that are proper, or right, and those that are improper, or wrong.
Moses
Moses was a Hebrew prophet, teacher and leader according to Abrahamic tradition. He is considered the most important prophet in Judaism and Samaritanism, and one of the most important prophets in Christianity, Islam, the Baháʼí Faith, and other Abrahamic religions. According to both the Bible and the Quran, Moses was the leader of the Israelites and lawgiver to whom the prophetic authorship of the Torah is attributed.
Nicolaitanes, Nicolaism
Nicolaism was an early Christian sect mentioned twice in the Book of Revelation of the New Testament. The adherents were called Nicolaitans, Nicolaitanes, or Nicolaites. They were considered heretical by the mainstream early Christian Church. According to Revelation 2:6 and 15, they were known in the cities of Ephesus and Pergamum.
nigh /nī/ adverb
Near in time, place, or relationship.
"Evening draws nigh."
Nearly; almost.
"It is nigh impossible to get tickets now."
In a situation near in place or time, or in the course of events; near.
Similar: near
noisome /noi′səm/ adjective
Offensive to the point of arousing disgust; foul.
"a noisome odor."
Harmful or dangerous.
"noisome fumes."
Noxious to health; hurtful; mischievous; unwholesome; insalubrious; destructive.
nonsectarian /nŏn″sĕk-târ′ē-ən/ adjective
Not limited to or associated with a particular religious denomination.
Not restricted to one sect or school or party. Opposite of sectarian.
"religious training in a nonsectarian atmosphere; public funding is restricted to nonsectarian colleges.
pagan /pā′gən/ noun
An adherent of a polytheistic religion in antiquity, especially when viewed in contrast to an adherent of a monotheistic religion.
One who has no religion.
Paganism
Paganism is a term used by early Christians for people in the Roman Empire who practiced polytheism, or ethnic religions other than Judaism.
Paganism is a christian term used to designate those religions that do not worship the God of Abraham, the figure central to both Christianity and to other Abrahamic religions. Christians have used the terms paganism and pagan, which typically carry pejorative or negative connotations.
Pentateuch means "five books" and refers to the first five books of the Bible (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy). These books are also called the Torah or the law, and they tell the story of God's creation, redemption, covenant, holiness, and obedience.
peradventure /pûr″əd-vĕn′chər, pĕr″-/ adverb
Perhaps; perchance.
By chance; perhaps; it may be; if; supposing.
Similar: perhaps if supposing
Perchance or maybe; perhaps.
perdition /pər-dĭsh′ən/ noun
Loss of the soul; eternal damnation.
Hell.
Utter ruin.
Pharisees
(Jewish social movement and school of thought)
The Pharisees were a Jewish social movement and a school of thought in the Levant during the time of Second Temple Judaism. Following the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 AD, Pharisaic beliefs became the foundational, liturgical, and ritualistic basis for Rabbinic Judaism. Although the group does not exist anymore, their traditions are considered important among all various Jewish religious movements.
phylacteries /fĭ-lăk′tə-rē/
Plural form of phylactery
noun
Either of two small leather boxes, each containing strips of parchment inscribed with quotations from the Hebrew Scriptures, traditionally worn strapped to the forehead and the left arm by Jewish men during morning worship, except on the Sabbath and holidays.
See also tephillin.
A charm or amulet.
Philosophy
Philosophy is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, value, mind, and language. It is a rational and critical inquiry that reflects on its own methods and assumptions. Historically, many of the individual sciences, such as physics and psychology, formed part of philosophy.
Pierre
Pierre is a masculine given name. It is a French form of the name Peter.
pious /pī′əs/. adjective
Earnestly compliant in the observance of religion; reverent or devout.
"a pious nun."
Showing or characterized by religious devotion.
"pious observance."
Expressive of or used in religious devotion; devotional.
"pious readings."
potsherd /pŏt′shûrd″/ noun
A fragment of broken pottery, especially one found in an archaeological excavation.
A piece or fragment of a broken pot.
A piece of ceramic from pottery, often found on an archaeological site.
prating / verb
Present participle of prate.
Talking stupidly about things that are not important for a long time.
preacher /prē′chər/ noun
One who preaches, especially one who publicly proclaims the gospel for an occupation.
One who preaches; one who discourses publicly on religious subjects.
One who inculcates anything with earnestness.
prefigure /prē-fĭg′yər/ transitive verb
To suggest, indicate, or represent by an antecedent form or model; presage or foreshadow.
"The paintings of Paul Cézanne prefigured the rise of cubism in the early 1900s."
To imagine or picture to oneself in advance.
To show, suggest, or announce, by antecedent types and similitudes; to foreshadow.
prefiguring /verb
Present participle of prefigure.
noun
A specific instance in which something is prefigured.
pride /prīd/. noun
A sense of one's own proper dignity or value; self-respect.
Pleasure or satisfaction taken in an achievement, possession, or association.
"parental pride."
Arrogant or disdainful conduct or treatment; haughtiness.
proselyte /prŏs′ə-līt″/. noun
A new convert to a doctrine or religion.
A new convert especially a convert to some religion or religious sect, or to some particular opinion, system, or party; thus, a Gentile converted to Judaism, or a pagan converted to Christianity, is a proselyte.
One who has recently converted to a religion or doctrine, especially a gentile converted to Judaism.
Propitiation
Propitiation is that by which God is rendered propitious, i.e., by which it becomes consistent with his character and government to pardon and bless the sinner. The propitiation does not procure his love or make him loving; it only renders it consistent for him to exercise his love towards sinners.
Prophecy
In religion, a prophecy is a message that has been communicated to a person by a supernatural entity. Prophecies are a feature of many cultures and belief systems and usually contain divine will or law, or preternatural knowledge, for example of future events. They can be revealed to the prophet in various ways depending on the religion and the story, such as visions, or direct interaction with divine beings in physical form.
Propitiation is a term that refers to the act of making God favorable or appeasing toward sinners. It is often used in connection with the atonement of Christ, who is called the propitiation for our sins in 1 John 2:2 and 4:10.
prosaic /prō-zā′ĭk/ adjective
Consisting or characteristic of prose.
Matter-of-fact; straightforward.
Lacking in imagination and spirit; dull.
Psychology
Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior, includes the behavior of humans and nonhumans, both conscious and unconscious phenomena, and mental processes such as motives, thoughts, and feelings.
publican /pŭb′lĭ-kən/. noun
The keeper of a public house or tavern.
A collector of public taxes or tolls in the ancient Roman Empire.
A collector of taxes or tribute from the public.
Rationalism
Philosophical view that reason should be the chief source of knowledge
In philosophy, rationalism is the epistemological view that "regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge" or "any view appealing to reason as a source of knowledge or justification", often in contrast to other possible sources of knowledge such as faith, tradition, or sensory experience. More formally, rationalism is defined as a methodology or a theory "in which the criterion of truth is not sensory but intellectual and deductive"
recompense /rĕk′əm-pĕns″/ transitive verb
To award compensation to.
"recompensed the victims of the accident."
To award compensation for; make a return for.
"recompensed their injuries."
To render an equivalent to, for service, loss, etc.; to requite; to remunerate; to compensate.
Similar: recompensed
ravening /. adjective
Greedily devouring; rapacious.
"ravening wolves"
Similar: rapacious
Voracious and greedy.
Devouring or craving food in great quantities.
"a rapacious appetite"
reproach /rĭ-prōch′/. transitive verb
To express disapproval of, criticism of, or disappointment in (someone). synonym: admonish.
Similar: admonish
To come back to, or come home to, as a matter of blame; to bring shame or disgrace upon; to disgrace.
Similar: reproached
To attribute blame to; to allege something disgraceful against; to charge with a fault; to censure severely or contemptuously; to upbraid.
Similar: upbraid
reproachful /rĭ-prōch′fəl/. adjective
Expressing reproach or blame.
Expressing or containing reproach; upbraiding; opprobrious; abusive.
Similar: upbraiding opprobrious abusive
Occasioning or deserving reproach; shameful; base.
"a reproachful life"
Similar: shameful
reprove /rĭ-proo͞v′/ transitive verb
To express disapproval to (someone); criticize: synonym: admonish.
"reproved the children for making too much noise."
Similar: admonish
To express disapproval about (something).
To convince.
Similar: reproved
revile /rĭ-vīl′/
intransitive verb
To assail with scornful or abusive language; vituperate. synonym: scold.
Similar: scold
To use scornful or abusive language.
noun
Reproach; reviling.
Similar: reproach reviling
righteous /rī′chəs/. adjective
Morally upright; without guilt or sin.
"a righteous parishioner."
In accordance with virtue or morality: synonym: moral.
"a righteous judgment."
Similar: moral
Doing, or according with, that which is right; yielding to all their due; just; equitable; especially, free from wrong, guilt, or sin; holy.
"a righteous man or act; a righteous retribution"
Similar: just equitable holy
Sadducees
Jewish sect or group active in Judea from 2nd century BCE to 1st century CE
The Sadducees were a sect of Jews active in Judea during the Second Temple period, from the second century BCE to the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE. The Sadducees are described in contemporary literary sources in contrast to the two other major sects at the time, the Pharisees and the Essenes. Josephus, writing at the end of the 1st century CE, associates the sect with the upper echelons of Judean society. As a whole, they fulfilled various political, social, and religious roles, including maintaining the Temple in Jerusalem. The group became extinct sometime after the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE.
sanctify /săngk′tə-fī″/. transitive verb
To set apart for sacred use; consecrate.
"The preacher sanctified the ground as a cemetery."
To make holy; purify.
"They felt the spirit had descended and sanctified their hearts. They sanctified the body with holy oil."
To give religious sanction to, as with an oath or vow.
"The wedding ceremony sanctifies the marriage."
scholar /skŏl′ər/. noun
A learned person.
A specialist in a given branch of knowledge.
"a classical scholar."
One who attends school or studies with a teacher; a student.
Independent scholars and public intellectuals work outside the academy yet may publish in academic journals and participate in scholarly public discussion.
scorn /skôrn/ noun
Contempt or disdain felt toward a person or object considered despicable or unworthy.
"viewed his rivals with scorn."
The expression of such an attitude in behavior or speech; derision.
"heaped scorn upon his rivals."
The state of being despised or dishonored.
"held in scorn by his rivals."
scourge /skûrj/. noun
A source of widespread dreadful affliction and devastation such as that caused by pestilence or war.
A means of inflicting severe suffering, vengeance, or punishment.
A small whip used to inflict punishment.
scribe /skrīb/. noun
A public clerk or secretary, especially in ancient times.
A professional copyist of manuscripts and documents.
A writer or journalist.
A scribe is a person who serves as a professional copyist, especially one who made copies of manuscripts before the invention of automatic printing. The work of scribes can involve copying manuscripts and other texts as well as secretarial and administrative duties such as the taking of dictation and keeping of business, judicial, and historical records for kings, nobles, temples, and cities. The profession of scribe first appears in Mesopotamia.
scrip
A small bag, used to carry stones for a sling shot
secular /sĕk′yə-lər/. adjective
Worldly rather than spiritual.
"the secular affairs of the parish."
Not relating to religion or to a religious body; nonreligious.
"secular music."
Not bound by the full monastic rule of a religious order. Used of clergy.
sedition /sĭ-dĭsh′ən/. noun
Conduct or language inciting rebellion against the authority of a state.
Insurrection; rebellion.
The raising of commotion in a state, not amounting to insurrection; conduct tending to treason, but without an overt act; excitement of discontent against the government, or of resistance to lawful authority.
seditious /sĭ-dĭsh′əs/. adjective
Of, relating to, or having the nature of sedition.
"seditious speech."
Given to, engaging in, or promoting sedition. synonym: insubordinate.
Similar: insubordinate
Of or pertaining to sedition; partaking of the nature of, or tending to excite, sedition.
"seditious behavior; seditious strife; seditious words"
sermon /sûr′mən/ noun
A religious discourse, especially one delivered as part of a service.
An often lengthy and tedious speech of reproof or exhortation.
A discourse or address; a talk; a writing.
"the sermons of Chaucer"
Sermons address a scriptural, theological, or moral topic, usually expounding on a type of belief, law, or behavior.
shew /shō/. verb
See show.
Alternative form of show.
Simple past of show.
sluggard /slŭg′ərd/. noun
A slothful person; an idler.
A person habitually lazy, idle, and inactive; a drone.
Similar: drone
A person who is lazy, stupid, or idle by habit.
so /sō/. adverb
To the amount or degree expressed or understood; to such an extent.
"She was so happy that she cried."
To a great extent; to such an evident degree.
"But the idea is so obvious."
Afterward; then.
"to the gas station and so home."
Spikenard
Spikenard, also called nard, nardin, and muskroot, is a class of aromatic amber-colored essential oil derived from Nardostachys jatamansi, a flowering plant in the honeysuckle family which grows in the Himalayas of Nepal, China, and India. The oil has been used over centuries as a perfume, a traditional medicine, or in religious ceremonies across a wide territory from India to Europe.
spittle /spĭt′l/ noun
Spit; saliva.
The frothy liquid secreted by the nymphs of froghoppers.
See spital
strive /strīv/ intransitive verb
To exert much effort or energy; endeavor.
To struggle or fight forcefully; contend.
"strive against injustice."
To make efforts; to use exertions; to endeavor with earnestness; to labor hard.
subtil
1. Thin not dense or gross as subtil air subtil vapor a subtil medium. 2. Nice fine delicate. ; I do distinguish plain ; Each subtil line of her immortal face. 3. Acute piercing as subtil pain. 4. Sly artful cunning.
supplicate. sup· pli· cate ˈsə-plə-ˌkāt. verb
supplicated; supplicating
Synonyms of supplicate
intransitive verb
: to make a humble entreaty
especially : to pray to God
Supplication
Supplication is a form of prayer, wherein one party humbly or earnestly asks another party to provide something, either for the party who is doing the supplicating or on behalf of someone else.
tarry///noun/
Stay; stop; delay.
Similar: stay stop delay
intransitive verb
To stay or remain behind; to wait.
Similar: tarried
To delay; to put off going or coming; to loiter.
Similar: delay loiter
surfeit /sûr′fĭt/ intransitive verb
To feed or supply to excess, satiety, or disgust.
To overindulge.
To load the stomach with food, so that sickness or uneasiness ensues; to eat to excess.
surfeiting verb
Present participle of surfeit
synoptic /sĭ-nŏp′tĭk/. adjective
Of or constituting a synopsis; presenting a summary of the principal parts or a general view of the whole.
Taking the same point of view.
Relating to or being the first three gospels of the New Testament, which share content, style, and order of events and which differ largely from John.
Tabernacle
A portable temple (tent) for congregational meetings where God dwelt among the Israelites during their wanderings.
talent
The talent was an ancient unit of measurement for both weight and money, varying in value between 75 and 100 pounds or about 35 to 45 kilograms. In the Old Testament, a talent referred to a weight measurement for precious metals, while in the New Testament, it became a unit of currency.
tarry / a verb or noun
Tarry can be a verb meaning to delay, linger, or stay, or a noun meaning a stay or sojourn. It can also be an adjective meaning tarry or tar-like substance or coating.
tetrarch /tĕt′rärk″, tē′trärk″/. noun
A subordinate ruler.
One of four joint rulers.
A governor of one of four divisions of a country or province, especially in the ancient Roman Empire.
testament /tĕs′tə-mənt/. noun
Something that serves as tangible proof or evidence.
"The spacious plan of the city is a testament to the foresight of its founders."
A statement of belief; a credo.
"my political testament."
A usually formal, written directive providing for the disposition of one's property after death; a will.
In the context of the Bible, "testament" is most accurately understood as "covenant." A covenant is a solemn agreement or pact between two parties, often accompanied by signs, sacrifices, and promises. The biblical concept of covenant is central to understanding God's relationship with humanity.
thither /thĭᴛʜ′ər, ᴛʜĭᴛʜ′-/ adverb
To or toward that place; in that direction; there.
"running hither and thither."
To that place; -- opposed to hither.
To that point, end, or result.
"the argument tended thither"
throng /thrông, thrŏng/. noun
A large group of people gathered or crowded closely together; a multitude. synonym: crowd.
Similar: crowd
A large group of things; a host.
A multitude of persons or of living beings pressing or pressed into a close body or assemblage; a crowd.
Similar: crowd
transfigure /trăns-fĭg′yər/. transitive verb
To change the form or appearance of; transform. synonym: convert.
Similar: convert
To exalt or glorify.
To change the outward form or appearance of; to metamorphose; to transform.
Similar: transfigured
transgress /trăns-grĕs′, trănz-/ intransitive verb
To go beyond or over (a limit or boundary); exceed or overstep.
To act in violation of (the law, for example).
To commit an offense by violating a law, principle, or duty.
Translation Equivalence - explained
Formal Equivalence is translating what God actually said as closely as possible to the way he said it so that people can understand it in the target language.
Dynamic Equivalence, in such a translation the focus of attention is directed, not so much toward the source message as toward the receptor response.
Eugene Nida created the modern view of Dynamic Equivalence or DE. (Nida’s DE is the exact opposite of scripture - see Ezekiel 2:3-5 for FE example)
Dynamic and Formal equivalence
The terms dynamic equivalence and formal equivalence, coined by Eugene Nida, are associated with two dissimilar translation approaches that are employed to achieve different levels of literalness between the source and target text, as evidenced in biblical translation. The two have been understood basically, with dynamic equivalence as sense-for-sense translation with readability in mind, and with formal equivalence as word-for-word translation, keeping literal fidelity
Transubstantiation
Transubstantiation is, according to the teaching of the Catholic Church, "the change of the whole substance of bread into the substance of the Body of Christ and of the whole substance of wine into the substance of the Blood of Christ". This change is brought about in the eucharistic prayer through the efficacy of the word of Christ and by the action of the Holy Spirit.
travail /trə-vāl′, trăv′āl″/ noun
Work, especially when arduous or involving painful effort; toil. synonym: work.
Similar: work
Tribulation or agony; anguish.
The labor of childbirth.
tribulation /trĭb″yə-lā′shən/. noun
Great affliction, trial, or distress; suffering: synonym: trial.
"a time of great tribulation."
Similar: trial
An experience that tests one's endurance, patience, or faith. synonym: burden.
Similar: burden
That which occasions distress, trouble, or vexation; severe affliction.
Tribulation is the hardship, trial, or suffering that believers may face in their lives.
trow /trō/. intransitive verb
To think or suppose.
verb
To believe; to trust; to think or suppose.
Similar: believe trust
um /ŭm, əm/. interjection
Used to express doubt or uncertainty or to fill a pause when hesitating in speaking.
Expression of confusion or space filler in conversation. See uh.
preposition
Alternative form of umbe.
uncial /ŭn′shəl, -sē-əl/ adjective
Of or relating to a style of writing characterized by somewhat rounded capital letters and found especially in Greek and Latin manuscripts of the fourth to the eighth century AD.
Of, pertaining to, or designating, a certain style of letters used in ancient manuscripts, esp. in Greek and Latin manuscripts. The letters are somewhat rounded, and the upstrokes and downstrokes usually have a slight inclination. These letters were used as early as the 1st century b. c., and were seldom used after the 10th century a. d., being superseded by the cursive style.
Of, or relating to an ounce, or an inch, especially to letters printed an inch high.
ungodly /ŭn-gŏd′lē/ adjective
Not revering God; impious.
Sinful; wicked. Contrary to moral law.
Outrageous. Often implying extreme or unacceptable behavior
Unitarian, Unitarianism
Unitarianism is a nontrinitarian branch of Christianity. Unitarian Christians affirm the unitary nature of God as the singular and unique creator of the universe, believe that Jesus Christ was inspired by God in his moral teachings and that he is the savior of humankind, but he is not equal to God himself. Accordingly, Unitarians reject the Ecumenical Councils and ecumenical creeds, and sit outside traditional, main-stream Christianity
upbraid /ŭp-brād′/. transitive verb
To reprove sharply; reproach. synonym: scold.
Similar: scold
intransitive verb
To utter upbraidings.
To charge with something wrong or disgraceful; to reproach; to cast something in the teeth of; -- followed by with or for, and formerly of, before the thing imputed.
Similar: reproach
Usury
Unethical practice of originating a loan with an unreasonably high interest rate
Usury is the practice of making loans that are seen as unfairly enriching the lender. The term may be used in a moral sense—condemning taking advantage of others' misfortunes—or in a legal sense, where an interest rate is charged in excess of the maximum rate that is allowed by law. A loan may be considered usurious because of excessive or abusive interest rates or other factors defined by the laws of a state.
vaunted
adjective
Highly or widely praised or boasted about.
verb
Simple past tense and past participle of vaunt.
verily /vĕr′ə-lē/. adverb
In truth; in fact.
With confidence; assuredly.
In very truth; beyond doubt or question; in fact; certainly.
Similar: certainly
victual /vĭt′l/ noun
Food fit for human consumption.
Food supplies; provisions.
Food; -- now used chiefly in the plural. See victuals.
Similar: food
wist /wĭst/. verb
Knew.
Similar: knew
Simple past tense and past participle of wit.
To know, be aware of.
wit /wĭt/. noun
The natural ability to perceive and understand; intelligence.
Practical intelligence; shrewdness or resourcefulness.
"living by one's wits."
Sound mental faculties; sanity.
"scared out of my wits."
withal /wĭᴛʜ-ôl′, wĭth-/. adverb
In addition; besides.
Despite that; nevertheless.
Therewith.
wroth /rôth/. adjective
Wrathful; angry.
Full of wrath; angry; incensed; much exasperated; wrathful.
Similar: angry incensed wrathful
yea /yā/ adverb
Yes; aye.
Indeed; truly.
"They have spoken, yea, shouted their reply."
Yes; ay; a word expressing assent, or an affirmative, or an affirmative answer to a question, now superseded by yes. See Yes.
Similar: yes ay
zeal /zēl/ noun
Enthusiastic devotion to a cause, ideal, or goal. synonym: passion.
Similar: passion
Passionate ardor in the pursuit of anything; eagerness in favor of a person or cause; ardent and active interest; engagedness; enthusiasm; fervor.
Similar: engagedness enthusiasm fervor
A zealot.
Similar: zealot
zealot /zĕl′ət/ noun
One who is zealous, especially excessively so.
A fanatically committed person.
A member of a Jewish movement of the first century AD that fought against Roman rule in Palestine as incompatible with strict monotheism.
zealous /zĕl′əs/. adjective
Filled with or motivated by zeal; fervent.
Filled with, or characterized by, zeal; warmly engaged, or ardent, in behalf of an object.
Filled with religious zeal.